Sulfosuccinate derivatives as detergent builders

ABSTRACT

Novel salts of Alpha -substituted- Beta -sulfosuccinic acids having the general formula:   wherein R is hydrogen or an organic moiety, Z is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, N and NO and M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cations, useful as detergents and/or detergent builders and detergent compositions containing same.

United States Patent [191 Lamberti 1 Nov. 25, 1975 1 SULFOSUCCINATE DERIVATIVES AS DETERGENT BUILDERS [75] Inventor: Vincent Lamberti, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

[73] Assignee: Lever Brothers Company, New

York, N.Y.

[22] Filed: July 1, 1974 Appl. No.: 484,744

Related U.S. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 394,613, Sept. 5, 1973, which is a division of Ser. No. 156,933, June 25, 1971, abandoned.

[56] 5 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,635,829 1/1972 Yang 252/526 3,706,771 12/1922 Uremers et a1. 260/3468 Primary Exartiiner.lames 0. Thomas, Jr. Assistant E.raminerNicky Chan Attorney, Agent, or FirmArn0ld Grant, Esq.

[57] ABSTRACT Novel salts of oz-substituted-B-sulfosuccinic acids having the general formula:

wherein R is hydrogen or an organic moiety, Z is selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, S0 N and NO and M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cations, useful as detergents and- /or detergent builders and detergent compositions containing same.

5 Claims, No Drawings SULFOSUCCINATE DERIVATIVES AS DETERGENT BUILDERS v This is a division of application Ser. No. 394,613, filed Sept. 5, 1973, which in turn is a division of Ser. No. 156,933, filed June 25, 1971, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Eutrophication is the process of excessive fertilization of aquatic plants through enrichment of waters with nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, trace metals and vitamins.

Although there is no present adequate proof, it has been postulated that the phosphorus-containing builders present in detergent compositions can be a factor in eutrophication. Therefore any substitutes which do not contain phosphorus may decrease to some extent the eutrophication.

It is therefore an object. of thepresent invention to: provide novel compounds which are useful as detergent builders. It is another object of the present invention to provide novel compoundswhich function as surface active agents and as detergent builders. It is still another object of the present invention to provide detergent compositions which are free of phosphorus-containing builders such as the alkali metal condensed phosphates.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It has now been discovered that the alkali metal am-v monium and substituted ammonium salts of certain sulfoaliphatic dicarboxylic acids can serve as effective detergent builders in detergent compositions. The detergent builders and their acid forms employed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention can be generally described as a-substitutedB-sulfosuccinic acids and salts thereof having the general formula:

OOH OOH wherein Z is selected from the.group consisting of O, S, SO and 80,; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing 1-30 carbon atoms, phenyl, carboxyl substituted and monodior tri-alkyl substituted phenyl, wherein the alkyl group or groups contain l-4 carbon atoms; sulfoand carboxy-alkylQwherein the alkyl moiety contains 1--4 carbon atoms; and RZ(CH CI-I O)n-CH CH wherein R is H or alkyl containing l-24 carbon atoms; Z is as above; and n is O or an integer of from l-l and thealkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammoniumsalts thereof.

Thus, specific compounds and classes of compounds embraced by the generic formula above'include:

a-hydroxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxy-fi-sulfosuccinic acids a-phenoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-carboxyphenoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkylphenoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-carboxyalkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids oz-sulfoalkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids a-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy-fi-sulfosuccinic acids a-hydroxyalkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids; the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts thereof; and the thio, sulfinyl and sulfonyl analogs of all the foregoing compounds wherein the ox- 2 ygen group attached to the a-carbon of the succinic acid or succinate moiety is replaced'by --S, SO-

or SO respectively, and/or wherein the cases of the a-alkoxyethoxy compounds and the a-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy' compounds the oxygen attached to the alkyl group (R') is replaced by -S, SO- or In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention are the nitrogen containing a-substituted- B-sulfosuccinic acids and salts thereof having the following general formula:

Formula ll R,NCHCHSO.-,H

R, OOH OOH wherein at least one of R, and R is hydrogen, C, to C alkyl, C, to C hydroxyalkyl, carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl, sulfomethyl and sulfoethyl, or R, and R may be joined to form a morpholinyl moiety; with the proviso thatboth R, and R may not at the same time be hydrogen.

Thus, broadly the compounds of Formula I differ from the compounds of Formula II only in the atom represented by Z.

Representative compounds and classes of compounds embraced by generic Formula II above include:

a-alkylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acids such as amethylamino, a-propylamino, a-octylamino and. al aurylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acid;

a-dialkylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acids such as a-dimethylamino, a-ethylmethylamino, a-methylhexylamino and a-dioctylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acid;

a-hydroxyalkyl-B-sulfosuccinic acids such as ahydroxyethylamino, a-hydroxybutylamino and a-bis(- hydroxyethyl)amino-B-sulfosuccinic acid;

a-carboxyalkylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acids such as a-carboxymethylamino, a-carboxyethylamino-B-sulfosuccinic acid and the corresponding sulfo analogs;

a-morpholinyl-B-sulfosuccinic acid; and the mono or poly salts thereof.

In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention are the amine oxide derivatives of Formula II, wherein the nitrogen is atertiary atom, corresponding to the following general formula:

wherein R, and R are as is designated in Formula II with the proviso that neither R, nor R can be hydrogen.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the compounds of the invention contain at least two asymmetric carbon atoms and therefore can exist in several optically active forms as well as optically inactive mixtures (racemates). For purposes of this invention, the

' compounds as defined are intended to include all of the stereoisomeric forms and mixtures thereof.

In addition to the detergent building properties exhibited by the entire class of compounds described above, certain select members also exhibit properties which make them useful as wetting and foaming. agents and thus constitute a class of novel surface active agents. For example, the a-alkoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acids and the thio analogs, containing from about l-8 carbons, preferably from about one to about four carbon atoms, exhibit excellent detergent building properties whereas the higher homologs containing from about 9-30 and more preferably 9-24 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, additionally exhibit wetting, foaming and detergency properties.

Similarly, the a-alkoxyethoxy and a-alkoxypolyethyleneoxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinic acid compounds containing from about 9-30 and preferably about 9-24 carbon atoms in the alkoxy moiety are also useful as wetting agents, foaming agents and detergents as well as detergent builders.

Although the builders of the present invention may be utilized as the free acid provided sufficient alkaline additives are included in the detergent composition to convert the acid forms in situ to the normal salt forms, the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of the oz-substituted-B-sulfosuccinic acids are preferred. Included in the substituted ammonium salts that can be employed are the monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, methylammonium, dimethylammoniurn, trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, morpholinium, N-methylmonoethanolammonium and N-ethylmonoethanolammonium salts and mixtures thereof.

The utility of the compounds of the present invention is not only reflected in terms of excellent building and biodegradability properties but also in low cost of preparation, since they are prepared from readily available and inexpensive materials. For example, the compounds contemplated in this invention are derived from sulfomaleic anhydride and readily available alcohols, thiols, hydroxy acids and amines.

More specifically, the compounds contemplated in this invention are reaction products derived at least in part from sulfomaleic acid or sulfomaleic acid with compounds having an active hydrogen atom.

Compounds having an active hydrogen and suitable for use in preparing the builders of the present invention are monodior polyhydric alcohols and monodior polyhydroxy acids and their sulfur-containing analogs. Suitable examples of the aforementioned monohydric alcohols include alkoxyalkanols such as methoxyethanol and the linear primary and secondary alcohols containing up to carbon atoms and their thio analogs; aromatic alcohols particularly the carbocyclic monoand bicyclic aromatic alcohols, such as naphthols and phenols and the monodior tri- C -C alkyl ring substituted derivativesthereof. Suitable examples of dihydric alcohols include the glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, heptamethylene glycol, long chain 1,2-diols containing from 830 carbon atoms and aromatic carbocyclic. glycols such as phenylethylene glycol. Similarly, suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, pentaerythritol, hexanetriol, sugars and their thio analogs.

In addition to the alcohols, the hydroxy carboxylic and sulfonic acids (in their ester and acid/salt forms, respectively) may also react with sulfomaleic anhydride and sulfomaleic acid. These include glycollic, lactic, glyceric, hydroxypropionic, salicyclic and mercapto acetic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid and. i

hydroxyethanesulfonic acid.

Still another important class of compounds contain-.

ing active hydrogens are ethylene oxide adducts of C to C primary and secondary alcohols with 1-15 moles of ethylene oxide.

In general, the a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts, I

wherein the a substituent. is joined torthe .a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an O or S linkage, I I i may be prepared by heating at a temperature of, from about 25 to 120C, and preferably 60 to 100C, sulfomaleic anhydride with a compound having an active hydrogen followedby further treatment with anralkalf metal hydroxide. The desired a-oxy or a-thio-B-sulfosuccinatemay then be recovered and purified using conventional techniques.

The a-substituted -B-sulfosuccinate salts wherein the i a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sulfosuccinate moiety by an S0 or S0 linkage may be prepared by treating the appropriate cit-substituted thio- B-sulfosuccinate with hydrogen peroxide according'to the methods described on pages 47l-472 in the text,"

Reagents for Organic Synthesis by Fieser and Fieser',

published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1967, incorporated by reference herein.

The a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate salts wherein the a-substituent is joined to the a-carbon atom of the sula fosuccinate moiety by an amino function (Formula.lla) may be prepared by reacting an appropriately .substi tuted or unsubstituted primary or secondary amine with alkali metal salts of sulfomaleic acid Typical amines suitable for reaction to form the a-substituted alkylamines containing l--20 carbons in the alkyl 7 chain, as well as other amines having a replaceable or active hydrogen and a basicity comparable to the aforementioned amines.

In particular the a-amino substitutedflfi-sulfosucci I nates derived from water-soluble amines may be prepared by reacting in aqueous solution without the aid of heat and those derived from water-insoluble amines (i.e., higher alkylamines) are reacted in a mixed solvent system such as ethanol/water or dioxane/waterv at temperatures ranging from about 25",C to about C; isolation from the reaction medium, and purification if de- I sired, being effected by conventional methods.

The compounds of Formula ill may be prepared by reacting the tertiary amine compounds. of Formula II with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic and peroxyformic acid in the manner described for oxidizing tertiary amines by Hoh=et al., J.

Am. Oil Chemists $00., 40, 268 (1963). I In preparing the sulfosuccinate salts from the whether'the monodior trisalt is obtained. For example, the use of one mole of base (i.e., sodium hydroxide) per mole of a-hydroxy-B-sulfosuccinic acidiyields the monosodium salt; the use of two moles of, sodium hydroxide, the disodium salt and the use of three moles of sodium hydroxide, the trisodium salt. When R is carfree 9 acid, the. amount of base utilized will determine boxymethyl, carboxyethyl, sulfomethyl or sulfoethyl, a tetrasalt can also be obtained. Similarly, other bases, such as ammonium hydroxide and organic amines, may be utilized in the same manner to afford the type of salt desired.

According to the present invention, excellent clean ing results can be obtained by using the builders described above with a wide range of detergent surface active materials and mixtures thereof in any of the usual physical forms for such compositions such as powders, beads, flakes, bars, tablets, noodles, liquids and the like. The builders can be used singularly, in combination with each other as the sole builder in the detergent composition or in combination with other well-known detergent builders such as sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, sodium and potassium pyrophosphate, sodium polyacrylate, disodium oxydiacetate, trisodium citrate, trisodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate, salts of oxidized starches and sodium or potassium carbonate, as well as other conventional organic and inorganic builders.

When using the detergent compositions of the invention to wash clothes, the wash solutions should have a pH from about 7 to 12 and preferably from about 9 to 1 1 throughout the washing cycle. Therefore, the presence of an alkaline buffer in the detergent composition is usually desirable particularly when the soil to be removed from the clothes has a high content of acidic components. Suitable buffers include any of the common organic and/or inorganic buffers such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium and potassium silicates, sodium and potassium carbonates and bicarbonates and the like.

In the detergent compositions of the present invention, the only essential ingredients are the detergent surface active material and the builder. The weight percent of the builder present in the detergent composition will range from about to about 90% and preferably from about 20 to about 60% and more preferably 35-50% by weight of the total weight of the composition. When expreseed as a weight ratio of builder to surfactant, the builders used in the instant invention will generally be present in a ratio of about 1:10 to about :1, and preferably 2: 1 to 5:1 depending on the end use or whether a heavy-duty or light-duty detergent is desired. When the builders are used in mechanical dishwashing compositions, the ratio of builder to surfactant is from about 10:1 to about 50:1.

The detergent surface active compounds which can be used within the compositions of this invention include anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic detergent compounds and mixtures thereof. These suitable substances are outlined at length below.

a. Anionic detergent compositions which can be used in the compositions of this invention include both soap and non-soap detergent compounds. Examples of suitable soaps are the sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkylolammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C -C Particularly useful are the sodium or potassium salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap and tall oil. Examples of anionic organic non-soap detergent compounds are the water soluble salts, alkali metal salts of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and 6 sulfuric acid ester radicals. Important examples of the synthetic detergents which form a part of the compositions of the present invention are the sodium or potassium alkyl sulfates especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C C carbon atoms) produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; sodium or potassium alkyl benzensulfonates in which the alkyl .group contains from about nine to about 20 carbon atoms and in which the alkyl group is attached to the benzene ring in either the one position or at the secondary positions such as in LAS,* sodium p-(2-dodecyl )benzene-sulfonate, sodium p-(2- octadecyl)benzenesulfonates and sodium p-(3- dodecyl)benzenesulfonate; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters and carboxymethylated derivatives of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g., tallow or coconut oil alcohols) and about 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain about nine to about 18 carbon atoms; the reaction product of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil; sodium or potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine in which the fatty acids, for example, are derived from coconut; alkane sulfonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins containing eight to 20 carbon atoms with sodium bisulfite and those derived by reacting paraffins with S0 2 and C1 and then hydrolyzing with a base to produce a random sulfonate; alpha-olefin sulfonates such as those derived by reacting alpha-olefins with S0 and then neutralizing the reaction product;

and others known in the art. *Sodium linear secondary alkyl (C -C 5) benzene sulfonate.

b. Nonionic synthetic detergents may be broadly defined as compounds which do not ionize in water solution. For example, a well-known class of nonionic synthetic detergents is made available on the market under the trade name of Pluronic. These compounds are formed by condensing ethylene oxide with an hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The hydrophobic portion of the molecule which, of course, exhibits water insolubility has a molecular weight of from about 1,500 to 1,800. The addition of polyoxyethylene radicals to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole and the liquid character of the product is retained up to the point where polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product.

Other suitable nonionic synthetic detergents include: 1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkylphenols having an alkyl group containing from about six to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in amounts equal to 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenols. The alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derived from polymerized propylene, disobutylere, octene, dodecene, or nonene, for example. 2. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. For example, compounds containing from about 40% to about 80% polyoxyethylene by weight and having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000 resulting from the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene diamine and excess propylene oxide, said hydrophobic base having a molecular weight of the order of 2,500 to 3,000 are satisfactory.

3. The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols, primary or secondary, having from eight to 18 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched configuration, with ethylene oxide, e.g., a coconut alcohol-ethy lene oxide condensate having from 6 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, the coconut alcohol fraction having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms; a C ,C random secondary alcohol derived from n-paraffins and condensed with 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of secondary alcohol.

4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the following general formula, R R R 'N 0, wherein R is an alkyl radical of from about eight to 18 carbon atoms and R and R are each methyl, ethyl or hydroxy ethyl radicals. The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semi-polar bond. Examples of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide and dimethylhexadecylamine oxide, N-bis(hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide.

5. Long chain tertiary phosphine oxides corresponding to the following formula RRRP+O, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radial ranging from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length and R and R" are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from one to three carbon atoms. The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semi-polar bond. Examples of suitable phosphine oxides are:

dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide,

dimethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, ethylmethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, cetyldimethylphosphine oxide, dimethylstearylphosphine oxide, cetylethylpropylphosphine oxide, diethyldodecylphosphine oxide, diethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, bis(hydroxymethyl)dodecylphosphine oxide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxypropylmethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, dimethyloleylphosphine oxide, and dimethyl-Z-hydroxydodecylphosphine oxide.

6. Dialkyl sulfoxides corresponding to the following formula, RRS -+O, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl, betaor gamma-monohydroxyalkyl radical or an alkyl or betaor gamma-monohydroxyalkyl radical containing one or two other oxygen atoms in the chain, the R groups ranging from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length, and wherein R is' methyl, ethyl or alkylol. Examples of suitable sulfoxide compounds are:

dodecyl methyl sulfoxide tetradecyl methyl sulfoxide 3-hydroxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide 2-hydroxydodecyl methyl sulfoxide 3-hydroxy-4-decyloxybutyl methyl sulfoxide 3-hydroxy-4-dodecylcoxybutyl methyl sulfoxide 2-hydroxy-3-decyloxypropyl methyl sulfoxide 2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl methyl sulfoxide dodecyl ethyl sulfoxide 8 Z-hydroxydodecyl ethyl sulfoxide dodecyl-Z-hydroxy ethyl sulfoxidc c. Ampholytic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about eight to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium-3-dodecylaminopropionate and sodium-3-dodecylaminopropanesulfonate and sodium N-2-hydroxydodecyl-N-methyl-taurate.

d. Zwitterionic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium compounds, sulfonium compounds and phosphonium compounds in whichthe aliphatic radical may be straight chain or branched and wherein one of, the aliphatic substituents contains from about eight to 18 car-- bon atoms and one, contains an anionic water solubilizing group. Examples of compounds falling within this i Other materials which may be present in the detera gent compositions of the invention in generally minor amounts are those conventionally present thereinv Typ ical examples thereof include the well-known soil-suspending agents, hydrotropes, corrosion inhibitors,

dyes, perfumes, fillers such as sodium sulfate, optical t brighteners, perborates, bleaches, bleach activators,

enzymes, suds boosters, suds depressants, germicides,

fungicides, anti-tarnishing agents, cationic detergents,

fabric softening agents and in the case of liquid compof sitions, opacifiers and organic solvents. The balance of the detergent compositions may be water or inert filler.,

It has been discovered that when higher than normal levels of anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactants are used with the sulfosuccinate derivative salts of this invention, the detergency of the, formula tion is significantly enhanced particularly at low formulation concentration (-O.l%) which are typically used by the U.S. housewife. For enhanced'results the detergent formulation should contain surfactant levels of 1 about 25% to about 45% by weight and the sulfosuccinate derivative salt levels of about 25% to about by weight in the cases where the surfactants are anionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic. Whenthe surfactant 0 is nonionic, enhanced detergency results are obtained when the level of said nonionic in the formulation is I from about l5% to 30% by weight and the level of sulfosuccinate derivative salt is from about 25% to about by weight.

In addition to their use in general household detergent compositions, the builders of the present invention find utility as boiler scale removers, stain removers and general chelating agents. When used at pHs of about 2 I to about 5 as partially neutralized alkali metal, ammo nium or substituted ammonium salts, especially in combination with wetting agents and surfactants, the com-f;

pounds of the invention are excellent metal cleaning compounds.

Table 1 further illustrates the present invention. The

detergent formulations set forth in the Table represent,

detergent compositions containing the builders, of the present invention in combination with representative classes of surface active agents compared with control or standard phosphate built detergent compositions. The compositions were prepared by blending together the recited components in the proportions indicated, including an anticorrosive agent and buffer agent (sodium silicate). The compositions were then tested on vacuum cleaner dust soiled cloth for detergency or cleaning ability in the Terg-O-Tometer test; wherein washing conditions are as indicated and the results reported as detergency units. The average detergency units (DU) of the formulation is the final reflectance value of the washed cloth (average of2 runs) minus the initial reflectance of the soiled cloth, the reflectances being obtained by measurement with a Gardner automatic color difference meter, Model AC-3.

TABLE 1 maleic acid. A 20 ml portion of the resulting aqueous phase was collected, adjusted to pH l l with calcium hydroxide and refluxed for 4 hours. NMR analysis indicated that all of the sulfomaleic acid had hydrated within the first hour of reflux. The reaction mixture was then passed through a column of cation exchange resin. A portion of the effluent was then neutralized to pH 8.5 and evaporated to a white crystalline residue (19.2 gm), which contained 80.9% of trisodium a-hydroxy-B- sulfosuccinate as determined by NMR analysis (using D solvent and K biphthalate as an internal standard) and 10.4% water by Karl Fischer analysis.

EXAMPLE 2 Component Composition bal Component Controls Composition) a-hydroxy a-(Z-hydroxyethoxy) a-dodecyloxy" a-methoxy" ct-carboxymethoxy a-dodecyloxyethoxy or-dodecylthio' s a m Sodium silicate (SiO :Na O 2.4:l)

Anionic Anionic Nonionic Ampholytic Zwitterionic Water Formulation Concentration, Detergency (DUs) Sodium salts of a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate Sodium linear secondary alkyl (C -C benzene sulfona te Sodium C ;C a-olefin sulfonate C -C linear secondary alcohols cthoxylated with 7 moles ethylene oxide/mole alcohol 'C C HAMT (sodium hydroxyalkyl N-methyl taurate) 'Sulfobetaine DCH (cododimcthylsulfopropyl betaine) Washing conditions 180 ppm (2:! Ca/Mg); l20F: pH l0 EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of Trisodiuma-hydroxy-B-Sulfosuccinate sulfomaleic anhydride was prepared by heating a mixture of 1 mole of sulfur trioxide with 1 mole of maleic anhydride first at C until the exothermic reactioon subsided and then at l00l 10C for 3 hours. For-- ty-five gm of sulfomaleic anhydride product was then mixed with 45 gm of icc and the resultingsolution ex tracted 25 times with 50 ml portions of ether to remove a-Thiosubstituted-B-Sulfosuccinates The procedure of Example l is repeated except that in place of Ca(OH) the pH is adjusted to 8.6 with NaOH. Then, an aqueous solution containing excess sodium hydrosulfide, sodium methyl mercaptide or sodium ethyl mercaptide is added and the resulting solu; tion allowed to stand overnight. The reaction mixture is then passed through a column of cation exchange resin and the effluent evaporated to low volume. The pH is the adjusted to 8.5 with sodium hydroxide and the solu- 11 tion evaporated to dryness. In this way, there is afforded respectively:

trisodiuma-mercapto-B-sulfosuccinate trisodiuma-methylthio-B-sulfosuccinate trisodiuma-ethylthio-B-sulfosuccinate EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of Tri sodium a-Methoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride, 3.9 gm, was dissolved in 25 ml of methanol and refluxed for hours. Then, 24 gm of 25% sodium methoxide in methanol was added and the solution was refluxed for 2 hours. The methanol was then evaporated and the residue was dissolved in 100 ml of water and heated for 1 hour at 80C. The so-. lution was then decolorized with 5 gm of charcoal, filtered and evaporated. The crude residue of trisodiumamethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate was purified by trituration with acetic acid and then filtered, washed with acetone and dried.

a-ethoxy-fi-sulfosuccinate may be prepared by substituting ethanol and sodium ethoxide in the procedure described above.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of Trisodium a-Dodecyloxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfomaleic anhydride gm) are mixed with 80 gm (0.45 mole) of n-dodecanol and heated at 100C for 14 hours. A solution of 7.04 gm of sodium hydroxide in 50 ml water is then added and the mixture heated at 60C for 2 hours. The heated mixture is then extracted three times with 300 cc portions of acetone (at reflux) and the acetone insoluble fraction is then filtered, washed with additional acetone and dried to give 16.2 gm of the title compound (structure confirmed by NMR and ionexchange of a sample followed by titration with standard sodium hydroxide: neutralization equivalent: found 147.0, theory 1493).

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of Trisodiuma-Dodecyloxyethoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Using the procedure of Example 4 and substituting 37 gm (0.32 mole) of 2-dodecyloxyethanol in place of the n-dodecanol there is obtained trisodiumB- dodecyloxyethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate.

EXAMPLES 6-8 Using n-tetradecanol in place of n-dodecanol in the procedure of Example 4 and carrying out the hydrolysis step with 10% excess aqueous sodium hydroxide at 80C for 4 hours instead of 60C at 2 hours, there is ob-. tained trisodium a-tetradecyloxy-B-sulfosuccinate (Example 6). Similarly, using n-hexadecanol in place of ndodecanol, there is obtained trisodium a-hexadecyloxy-B-sulfosuccinate (Example 7); using noctadecanol, there is obtained trisodium aoctadecyloxy-B-sulfosuccinate (Example 8 EXAM PLE 9 Preparation of Trisodium a-Hydroxyethoxy-B-Sulfosuccinate Sulfornaleic anhydride gm) is mixed with 37.2 gm (0.6 mole) of ethylene glycol and heated at 80C yethoxy-B-sulfosuccinate, which is purified by repeated.

extractions with hot acetone to remove all ethylene gly-X, col and water followed by filtration anddrying in an oven.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of the Tetrasodium Salt of. ol-Carboxymethyloxy-B-Sulfosuccinic Acid Sulfomaleic anhydride (19.4.gm) is heated to 60C and combined with 76 gm of ethyl glycolateQAfter V heating the mixture at 80C for 5 k hours, there. is I i added a solution of 45 gm of sodium hydroxide dis-. solved in 135 gm of water and heating is continued at 80 for an additional 3 hours. The mixture is then diluted with water and passed through a column'of a cation exchange resin. The resuling eluent is then eVapo-i rated in vacuo to a low volume and the concentrate ex-.

tracted repeatedly with acetone to remove glycolicacid and other impurities. The resulting extracted residue .is

then dissolved in water and the pH of the solution ad justed to 8.6 with dilute sodium hydroxide. Evapora 7 tion of the solution in vacuo and drying over P 0 gives Y 1 a residue of the tetrasodium salt of 'aecarboxymethyloxy-B-sulfosuccinic acid.

EXAMPLE 11 i Preparation of Trisodium a-(2-l-lydroxyethylamino)-B-Sulfosuccinate' Sulfomaleic anhydride (prepared from a :1/1 mole ratio of SO /maleic anhydride by heating the mixture at -'1 10C for 3 hours; active content, 86%), 20.7 gm (0.1 mole), was added to 100 gm of ice. The resulting solution .was kept at l0-l5C and neutralized to'pl-l 8.6 by slowly adding 28.4 gm of 50% sodium hydroxide. Monoethanolamine, 6.1 gm (0.1 mole), was next added slowly and the temperature allowed to rise to room temperature. After standing overnight, the reaction mixture was poured into 800 ml of acetone. The

solvent was then decanted from the resulting syrupy lower layer and the latter reprecipitated three times A i from water with fresh acetone. The residue was then dried in a dessicator over P 0 to give 38.8 gm of an off-white, granular product containing approximately 88% trisodium a-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-B-sulfosucci .1 I nate by titration with perchloric acid. The structure was confirmed by NMR analysis.

The above method is satisfactory for reacting watersoluble amino compounds withsulfomaleic anhydride.

For water insoluble amino compounds such as the higher alkyl amines, a mixed solvent system suchas; ethanol/water and dioxane/water is used together with l temperatures in the range of 2580C.

Table 2 indicates the reactants and procedure required to obtain other.a-substituted-B-sulfosuccinate i salts having the R and Z moieties set forth in Formula g 

1. AN A-ALKOXYPOLYETHYLENEOXY-BAMMONIUM, ACID HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA: R''-O-(CH2-CH2-O)N-CH2-CH2-O-CH(-COOH)-CH(-COOH)-SO3-H AND THE ALKALI METAL, AMMOONIUM, OR SUBSTITUTED AMMONIUM SALT FORMS OF THE ACID WHEREIN THE SUBSTITUTED AMMONIUM SALTS ARE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MONOETHANOLAMMONIUM, DIETHANOLAMMONIUM, TRIETHANOLAMMONIUM, METHYLAMMONIUM, DIMETHYLAMMONIUM, TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM, TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM, MORPHOLINIUM, N-METHYLMONOETHANOLAMMONIUM AND N-ETHYLMONOETHYLAMMONIUM WHEREIN R'' IS AN ALKYL GROUP CONTAINING 1-24 CARBON ATOMS AND N IS ZERO OR AN INTEGER FROM 1-15
 2. The Alpha -alkoxypolyethyleneoxy- Beta -sulfosuccinic acid and the salt forms thereof of claim 1 wherein R'' is ethyl and n is
 3. 3. The Alpha -alkoxypolyethyleneoxy- Beta -sulfosuccinic acid and the salt forms thereof of claim 1 wherein R'' is undecyl and n is
 9. 4. The Alpha -alkoxypolyethyleneoxy- Beta -sulfosuccinic acid and the salt forms thereof of claim 1 wherein R'' is dodecyl and n is
 0. 5. The Alpha -alkoxypolyethyleneoxy- Beta -sulfosuccinic acid and the salt forms thereof of claim 1 wherein R'' is heneicosyl and n is
 3. 